Ernst Friedrich Gurlt (October 13, 1794 – August 13, 1882) was a German veterinarian born in Drentkau near Grünberg, Silesia. He was the father of surgeon Ernst Julius Gurlt (1825-1899).
Initially trained as a pharmacist, he later studied medicine and worked as an assistant at the anatomical institute in Breslau. Following graduation in 1819, he taught classes at the Berlin Tierarzneischule (Veterinary School), where from 1827 to 1870 he held the title of professor. In 1849 he was appointed technical director of the school.
Gurlt is remembered for pioneer work in the field of comparative veterinary anatomy, and his research on animal deformities. During his career he amassed an impressive collection of anatomical malformations. With Carl Heinrich Hertwig (1798-1881), he founded Magazin für die gesammte Thierheilkunde (Magazine for the Whole of Veterinary Science).